Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nanoparticles) are increasingly investigated for their potential biomedical applications. This is due to their unique chemical and physical properties, including high thermal stability. Experts employ various techniques for the preparation of these nanoparticles, such as sol-gel process. Characterization tools, includ

Nanomaterials have emerged as outstanding platforms for a wide range of applications, owing to their unique properties. In particular, graphene, with its exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, has garnered significant attention in the field of material science. However, the full potential of graphene can be further enhanced by